نشریه مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام
سال بیست و سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 91، پاییز 1401)

The neighborhood policy is one of the programs of the 13th government in the field of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which, if its goals are fulfilled, can create many capacities for the country in political, security, cultural and economic fields. This article seeks to answer the question, what are the capacities of the 13th government's neighborhood policy in reducing the peripheral security challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings of this article show that the capacities of this neighborhood policy in solving security challenges are: removing regional actors from the process of reproducing strategic and tense geopolitical competitions for the continuation of interventionism, redefining interests and concepts based on inter-regional realities, preventing the Zionist regime from acting destructively, preventing Reproducing ethnic and religious divisions, helping to reduce weak and bankrupt governments in the region, finding a mechanism to reduce the effects of border and territorial disputes with neighbors, strengthening defense and security cooperation, eliminating the lack and weakness of the absence of regional regimes and institutions. and creating restrictions on the exercise of soft power and public diplomacy by foreign interventionist actors.

Syria's proximity to occupied Palestine and the irreconcilable position of the Syrian regime towards the Zionist regime have increased the strategic and geopolitical value of this country; In such a way that the case of Syria has always been one of the priorities of the foreign policy apparatus of the United States of America as the biggest state supporter of the Zionist regime. Syria's northern neighbor, Turkey, is also pursuing various cases in Syria. After more than 11 years have passed since the beginning of the Syrian crisis and due to the defeat of ISIS and the stabilization of the situation in favor of the Syrian regime, the strategy of many actors towards Syria has been adjusted, changed or transformed. Identifying and evaluating the strategy of actors can help predict future developments. By using the descriptiveanalytical method and using library tools, this article seeks to answer the question, what is the security perspective of Syria assuming the continuation of the military presence of the United States and Turkey in Syria? The findings of this article show that the US has chosen the strategy of "increasing diplomatic measures based on continuous military victories" by employing Kurdish proxy forces to achieve its goals in Syria. On the other hand, the Kurds, who are the tools of the Americans in Syria, are considered a national security risk for Turkey, and the pretext of the military occupation of the north of this country will cause the Syrian regime to face the governance disorder in the north and east of this country.

The establishment of the Iraqi government after 2003 and the Shiites gaining power at the central point of the government created a new structure in the political field of Iraq; So that this structure was supported and opposed by some internal and external groups. The gaining of power of the Shiites as the main point of the new political structure of Iraq, along with the Sunnis and the Kurds in this country, had various consequences for Iraq. These consequences were associated with blood, occupation of the country and a lot of violence at different time. After the Shia gained power, the political groups of al-Dawa party, the Majkis A’ala and the Sadr movement, i.e. the most important Shia political groups, played an active role in the new structure of Iraq. In the meantime, al-Dawa party played the most important role in that historical period; So that Ibrahim Jafari, Nouri Maliki, Haider al- Abadi and Mohammad Shia Sudani were affiliated with this party and were present as the first person of the Iraqi government in different years and had a great influence in the Iraqi political field. The main topic of the current research is "examining the role of al-Dawa Party and the future of this group in the political structure of Iraq". In this research, an attempt has been made to examine al-Dawa Party from the time of its establishment until it reached power and its future, considering its strengths and weaknesses.

On April 6, 2014, Saudi Arabia, with the formation of a coalition of Arab countries, began its air attack against the people of Yemen, claiming to support Abd Rabu Mansour Hadi, the resigned president of this country. In this operation, UAE, Bahrain and Kuwait were allies of Saudi Arabia and countries such as Sudan, Egypt, Jordan cooperated with Riyadh in delivering military weapons. This article examines the role of Oman in mediation to resolve the conflict in Yemen Oman's foreign policy has changed since the 1970s under the influence of Sultan Qaboos bin Said's policies to move away from the isolationism of Oman's previous ruler, Sultan Said Ibn Taimur, and to establish regional and international convergence. Oman has also tried to act as a mediator in some cases to resolve regional disputes. Oman's greater presence in regional policies, which it tries to promote by maintaining the principle of neutrality, and at the same time, the country's active but shadowy role in resolving regional conflicts, makes it necessary to examine the country's new foreign policies. Mediation is of particular importance as an effective tool to control conflict and settle disputes by peaceful means. Oman is one of the countries that has displayed mediating diplomacy due to its geopolitical and geocultural position. The research hypothesis is that Oman played a positive role in mediating the Saudi war against Yemen. This article describes the role and influence of Oman in the Yemen war by using the descriptiveanalytical method and using the theory of mediation. Oman is working with the cooperation of Saudi Arabia, the United Nations and the United States special representatives for Yemeni affairs and the Yemeni parties involved in this country with the aim of reaching a comprehensive political agreement to resolve the current crisis in the Republic of Yemen.

Saudi Arabia has witnessed the beginning of a new era since 2014 with the coming to power of King Salman and Mohammed bin Salman. This period is followed by the efforts of Muhammad bin Salman to reach the seat of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the transfer of power from Al Saud to Al Salman. During a period of 8 years, Saudi Arabia witnessed many ups and downs at the triple domestic, regional and international levels. The main question of this article is that according to the actions taken by the Saudi Crown Prince in recent years, what will be the horizon of developments in Saudi Arabia at the three levels with the possible kingdom of Muhammad bin Salman? The author believes that Saudi Arabia is witnessing a transition from traditional society and the formation of coercive authority in the domestic sphere; At the regional level, it will witness a distancing from the claim of Arab godfatherism and the weakening of religious instruments, and at the international level, it will also witness a "polar" confusion between East and West. In this article, the descriptive-analytical research method and the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism were used.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, in the developments of the past decades, has had a clear presence in global security agreements for the benefit of the West and against the powers that are critical and opposed to the system of domination and maintaining the American status quo. This organization has gradually changed its policy from a defensive approach to an offensive approach in order to realize the political-security goals of the West - especially after 2001 - and has expanded its security umbrella to various regions of the world in an expansionist way with the aim of weakening its enemies. In the meantime, the countries that are not members of this pact, but place themselves on the side close to this organization in the game and global political-security conflicts in different regions, often become a victim of its expansionism against the big critical actors of this organization and the political-security order. Based on this, from the point of view of this article and focusing on the issue of Ukraine, the main question is raised that "Has NATO's policies towards the war in Ukraine been the cause of the continuation of this crisis?" In response to this question, the hypothesis has been proposed that "interventionist and expansionist policies under the provision of global security have caused a country like Ukraine, which is placed between NATO and an emerging actor like Russia, to use this organization as a tool to weaken Russia and as a result of the Ukraine war, will become the main victim of NATO's policies towards Russia. The findings of the thesis also show that Ukraine is a country that is now playing the role of prey and victim in the Western conflict with Russia, and NATO is playing it in a complex political-security game with the aim of continuing its security expansionism, maintaining the status quo and preventing the emergence of a new global challenger like Russia to caught in a long conflict.

The history of colonialism shows that the force and oppression of great powers has always fallen to its knees against the resistance of nations and the standing of leaders and has experienced the taste of defeat many times. This is the great lesson of history to the nations of the world that the morning of victory prevails over the darkness of the night of oppression. This kind of historiography is the experiences that lead to the understanding of important natural and revelatory concepts such as freedom, independence and peace, which are the ideals of divine saviors. The example of this historical transition is the global resurrection of Islam in the era of tyranny and ignorance, which was achieved its goals with the resistance and persistence of the Prophet (PBUH), and also is the ideal of the resurrection of the savior of the world, Imam Mahdi (PBUH). A review of history shows that every society is an experience of this story and a precious heritage for the culture of resistance for future generations. In this path, the heroes of the field of resistance such as Gandhi and Nelson Mandela can be given as an example, who created a new path in the history of their nations with their epistemic position from the Ashura resistance experience of Imam Hussein (AS), who was the universal symbol and symbol of resistance.